Issued in 1970 by the République Rwandaise, this 1 franc commemorative stamp honors the 150th anniversary of the discovery of quinine (1820–1970) by French chemists Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou. Designed by J. Van Noten, it features an artistic depiction of the Anopheles mosquito, the carrier of malaria — the disease quinine was crucial in treating. The background portrays a lush tropical setting, symbolizing the origins of cinchona bark from which quinine is derived. This issue reflects Rwanda’s recognition of a major medical breakthrough in humanity’s fight against malaria.