The Australian Gold Rush began in the 1850s, attracting thousands seeking fortune after gold was discovered in New South Wales and Victoria. This influx of prospectors led to rapid population growth, the establishment of new towns, and significant economic development. The Gold Rush also contributed to cultural diversity and social change, shaping Australia's national identity and boosting its economy for years to come. Key locations included Ballarat and Bendigo, where major gold finds transformed landscapes and livelihoods.