Cave-in-Rock Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a warm-season, perennial native grass widely used for erosion control, biofuel production, and wildlife habitat. It provides excellent cover for birds and small mammals, as well as nesting sites for ground-nesting birds like quail and pheasants. Its deep root system also improves soil health and water infiltration.

Summary of Wildlife Benefits

• Provides dense cover for nesting birds, small mammals, and fawns.

• Seeds are a food source for birds like quail, pheasants, and sparrows.

• Improves soil health and reduces erosion, benefiting overall ecosystem stability.

Cave-in-Rock Switchgrass is a hardy, low-maintenance native grass that enhances wildlife habitat and supports conservation efforts.

Key Characteristics of Cave-in-Rock Switchgrass

• Planting Time:

  • Late spring to early summer (May to June) when soil temperatures reach 60°F or higher.

• Planting Depth:

  • ¼ to ½ inch for optimal germination and establishment.

• Planting Rates:

  • Broadcast: 8-10 lbs of pure live seed (PLS) per acre.

  • Drilling: 5-7 lbs of PLS per acre.

• Days to Maturity:

  • Establishes in 1-2 years, reaching full maturity by the third growing season.

• Height at Maturity:

  • 3-6 feet tall, depending on soil and growing conditions.

• Drought Tolerance:

  • High; deep root system allows it to thrive in dry conditions.

• Saturated Soil Tolerance:

  • Moderate; can tolerate occasional flooding but not prolonged waterlogged conditions.

• Shade Tolerance:

  • Low; prefers full sun for optimal growth.

Fertilization Guidelines

• Nitrogen (N):

  • Apply 50-70 lbs per acre at planting, with additional applications of 30-50 lbs per acre in subsequent years if needed for biomass production.

• Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K):

  • Apply based on soil test recommendations. Typical rates range from 20-40 lbs per acre for P and K.

• pH Range:

  • Prefers a soil pH of 5.5-7.5 for optimal growth.

Herbicide Use

• Switchgrass is slow to establish and may require weed control during the first 1-2 years.

• Pre-Emergent Herbicides:

  • Use atrazine or imazapic (labeled for switchgrass) to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds during establishment.

• Post-Emergent Herbicides:

  • 2,4-D can be used for broadleaf weed control. Avoid herbicide use once switchgrass is established to protect wildlife habitat.

• Caution: Follow label instructions and avoid herbicides that may harm non-target species.